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1.内容提要 本书研究回顾了国内外关于湖泊渔文化、江河渔文化、海洋渔文化的保护与利用研究成果，对国内外渔文化生态相关保护实践进行剖析与对比研究，以洪泽湖渔文化生态保护实验区为研究案例，系统梳理渔文化生态保护区内非物质文化遗产资源，划定文化核心区、文化传播区、文化影响区和文化传播路线，确定渔文化的展示、传承、传播的重点区域和文化空间，有针对性地提出保护方式与保护措施，指出渔文化合理利用方式，探索渔文化生态保护区限制性开发措施，保护水乡、渔村和船塘。 本书可供从事城乡规划、文化遗产保护等人员使用，亦可供相关高等院校师生阅读和参考。 2.前言 渔文化是指在渔业生产、渔民生活中形成的具有传承性的物质和精神成果，渔文化是人类文化的重要组成部分，是人类最早的生活和生产活动。渔文化是农耕文化的一种，它是渔民在长期的渔业生产活动中创造出来的活态传承的非物质文化遗产、物质文化遗产的总和。中国是世界上淡水总面积最大的国家之一，也是世界上淡水渔业最发达的国家之一。渔业在中国农耕文明中有着重要地位，创造了丰富灿烂的渔文化，涉及文学、艺术、饮食、环境、宗教、哲学等多个领域。随着工业化进程的不断加快，大量水域遭到污染和填埋，传统渔文化赖以生存的环境受到威胁，目前生活在渔区的渔民、船民、草民越来越少，渔猎用具、生活器具远离了他们过去的生活常态，传统渔文化濒临散失和消亡。设立渔文化生态保护区、探寻科学的保护理论与方法刻不容缓。渔文化生态保护区是对具有重要价值和鲜明特色的渔文化生态进行整体保护、活态传承的特定区域。 研究以城市规划学为主，结合渔文化生态学、渔文化遗产学、渔文化景观学、渔文化地理学等众多学科理论，回顾了国内外关于湖泊渔文化、江河渔文化、海洋渔文化的保护研究成果，对国内外渔文化生态相关保护实践进行剖析与对比研究，总结成功经验，以洪泽湖渔文化为实证，结合国内外渔文化保护的成功经验，探索保护渔文化生态保护的路径和方法，给洪泽湖渔文化生态保护实验区的实践提供借鉴。 第一，普查和整理，征集、收集、整理有代表性非物质文化遗产实物及资料，完善渔文化生态保护区范围内的国家、省、市、县四级非物质文化遗产名录体系，完善四级名录项目代表性传承人认定体系，建立渔文化数据库。第二，判定特色，系统梳理渔文化生态保护区内非物质文化遗产资源，对渔文化生态保护区内非物质文化遗产的类型、分布和发展脉络进行研究，找出鲜明的地域文化特色。第三，确定保护格局，根据渔文化遗产项目数量及等级、分布密度、存续现状等，采用数理模型和聚类分析法，划定文化核心区、文化传播区、文化影响区和文化传播路线，确定渔文化的展示、传承、传播的重点区域和文化空间。第四，分类保护，针对不同类型的渔文化遗产名录特点与不同阶段的工作目标，因地制宜，分别提出抢救性保护、群体性保护、生产性保护、整体性保护的分类保护方式。第五，合理利用，促进渔文化生态保护区文化产业、文化旅游发展，实现活态传承。第六，保护文化生态环境，提出渔文化生态保护区限制性开发措施，保护水乡、渔村和船塘。 PrefacePreface Fishing culture refers to the material and spiritual heritage of
the Fishery production and the life of fishermen. Fishing culture
is an important part of human culture. It is the earliest human
life and production activities, and it is also one of the earliest
nations industry.Fishing culture is one kind of farming culture.
It is a material cultural which is created by the fishermen in the
longterm fishery production activities.It has features of
circulate and inheritance, and the total sum of the results of
nonmaterial cultural and institutional culture. China has rich
freshwater resources and is one of the most developed freshwater
fishery countries in the world.Fisheries have an important position
in China agricultural civilization. It creates a rich and splendid
culture and fisheries, involving many fields of literature, art,
food, the environment, religion and philosophy.With the accelerated
process of industrialization, a large number of waters are faced
with landfill and contaminated.Traditional fishing culture survival
is threatened.The number of fishermen who living in fishing is
reducing.The hunting and fishing equipment are far away from the
appliance of their past normal life. The tradition fishing culture
is on the verge of extinction and loss. The act of the
establishment of Fishing Culturally Ecological Reserve, and the
explorationon the scientificuse of theories and methods of
protection can’t be waited.Fishing Culturally Ecological Reserve is
a great value and distinctive features region for Overall
protection and Living Transmission fishing culture. This study is based on urban planning, and combined with the theory
of many disciplines fishing cultural ecology, cultural heritage,
fisheries science, fishing culture landscape, fishing culture and
geography.We review research results of the fishing culture on
lakes, rivers, marine fishing culture protection and
utilization,analysis and comparative of relevant protection of
cultural and ecological fishing practice which is studied
internationally, and summed up the successful experience.What we
have done is to provide the theory of ecological protection
foundation for the practice of Hongze Lake Fishing Culturally
Ecological Reserve and to enrich and improve the cultural and
ecological protection and fishing practice system. Taking as
evidence, Hongze Lake fishing culture combines with the
successfully international experience of fishing and cultural
protection to explore the cultural and ecological protection, and
fisheries protection path and method. It has an important research
value and practical significance. First of all, we survey and organize, collect and collate
representative intangible cultural heritage and information, to
improve the four level, including the state, province, city and
country, nonmaterial cultural heritage system within the fishing
cultural ecological protection zone. We should improve four List
project representative successors identified system, the
establishment of fishing culture database.Secondly, we determine
the unique characteristic of the fishing culture. Within the
fishing cultural ecological protection zone, we systematically
arrange the intangible cultural heritage resources, investigating
the type, distribution and development of the intangible cultural
heritage, and then find out the distinctive characteristics of
regional cultures. Thirdly, we determine the protection pattern.
According to the number, grade, distribution density, and current
situation of the fishing cultural heritage project, the cultural
core area, the cultural dissemination area, the cultural influence
area, and the route of the cultural transmission are delineated by
using mathematical model and cluster analysis method. And the key
areas and cultural space of the display, inheritance and
dissemination of the fishing culture are determined. Fourthly, we
need classified protection. According to the characteristics of
different types of cultural heritage list, the objectives of
different stages and local condition, we need propose the rescue
protection, group protection, productive protection, and the
overall protection for the classified
protection,respectively.Fifthly, we need rationally use and promote
the cultural and ecological protection zone fishing industry and
cultural tourism development to achieve Living
Transmission.Finally, we need protect cultural and ecological
environment and propose fishing culture developing to measures for
the fishing culture ecological protection areas to protect rivers
and lakes, fishing villages and boat ponds. 3.目录 1研究背景与意义1 1.1研究背景1 1.2研究意义2 1.2.1渔文化对中国发展的重要意义2 1.2.2洪泽湖渔文化生态保护实验区设立的重要意义3 2研究框架6 2.1概念解析6 2.1.1渔文化6 2.1.2海洋渔文化6 2.1.3湖泊渔文化7 2.1.4江河渔文化7 2.1.5渔文化生态保护区8 2.1.6洪泽湖渔文化生态保护实验区8 2.2研究对象8 2.3理论基础9 2.3.1渔文化生态学理论9 2.3.2渔文化遗产学理论10 2.3.3渔文化景观学理论11 2.3.4渔文化地理学理论12 2.4总体思路13 2.4.1研究思路13 2.4.2保护原则13 2.4.3研究目标14 2.4.4主要任务14 2.5研究方法及技术路线15 2.5.1研究方法15 2.5.2技术路线15 3国内外研究进展17 3.1国外渔文化研究进展17 3.1.1渔业生产文化17 3.1.2渔家生活文化20 3.1.3渔村营建文化23 3.2国内渔文化研究进展23 3.2.1渔业生产文化23 3.2.2渔家生活文化25 3.3.3渔村营建文化27 4国内外渔文化保护相关案例借鉴29 4.1湖泊渔文化29 4.1.1鄱阳湖29 4.1.2洞庭湖32 4.1.3太湖35 4.1.4巢湖39 4.1.5邵伯湖40 4.1.6北美五大湖42 4.1.7贝加尔湖47 4.2江河渔文化48 4.2.1长江48 4.2.2黄河50 4.2.3珠江52 4.2.4黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江54 4.3海洋渔文化58 4.3.1东海58 4.3.2渤海62 4.3.3南海66 4.3.4黄海72 4.4案例与借鉴启示75 4.4.1案例总结与评析75 4.4.2案例借鉴与启示76 5文化生态资源与文化生态分析77 5.1地理与历史文化77 5.1.1地理环境77 5.1.2历史沿革81 5.1.3渔民渔业情况82 5.2遗产现状分析85 5.2.1非物质文化遗产85 5.2.2物质文化遗产130 5.3特点与价值评估150 5.3.1文化生态特点150 5.3.2非物质文化遗产存续现状概括154 5.3.3价值评估155 6保护对象与保护内容166 6.1县（区）级以上非物质文化遗产名录项目是重要保护项目166 6.1.1渔家生活文化166 6.1.2渔业生产文化167 6.1.3治水文化168 6.2非物质文化遗产代表性传承人是主要保护对象168 6.2.1渔家生活文化169 6.2.2渔业生产文化170 6.2.3治水文化170 6.3文化生态空间是保护工作的重要组成部分171 6.3.1水域171 6.3.2风景区173 6.3.3建构筑物177 6.3.4水乡、渔村与船塘178 7保护范围与重点区域180 7.1建立评价体系180 7.1.1基本因子分析180 7.1.2评价指标体系181 7.1.3评价模型181 7.2确定保护格局183 7.2.1聚类分析183 7.2.2保护格局确定183 8重点保护区域185 8.1洪泽湖渔文化保护范围185 8.1.1洪泽湖大堤连接的四镇（街道）是洪泽湖渔文化核心区185 8.1.2洪泽区区域是洪泽湖渔文化传播区185 8.1.3洪泽湖及周边县域是洪泽湖渔文化影响区185 8.2保护区内保护格局186 8.2.1核心区186 8.2.2文化线路188 8.2.3文化节点191 8.3重点项目194 8.3.1十个展示基地194 8.3.2十二个传习所195 8.3.3三十八个重点项目197 9保护方式与保护措施199 9.1保护方式199 9.1.1抢救性保护199 9.1.2群体性保护199 9.1.3生产性保护200 9.1.4整体性保护200 9.2保护措施203 9.2.1保存203 9.2.2传承205 9.2.3传播207 10合理利用209 10.1与文化产业相结合209 10.1.1生产性保护利用209 10.1.2渔文化创意产业211 10.2与文化旅游相结合212 10.2.1文化旅游主题212 10.2.2文化旅游路线213 10.2.3非物质文化遗产体验区214 10.2.4渔文化体验园215 10.3与节庆活动相结合220 10.3.1与传统节庆相结合220 10.3.2与现代节庆相结合221 11文化生态保护与环境整治223 11.1生态环境保护223 11.2生态空间环境整治223 11.2.1绿化美化223 11.2.2水乡、渔村和船塘整治224 11.3标识系统规划231 11.3.1标识系统设置231 11.3.2小品设置233 12结论与讨论235 12.1主要研究结论235 12.2不足与展望235 参考文献236 后记239 |
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